痴呆

定义

痴呆症的特征是，相对于患者的年龄和病前的一般认知功能水平而言，患者在两个或多个认知领域存在明显受损，这意味着患者的认知功能水平比以前有所下降。大多数形式的痴呆症都出现记忆障碍，但认知障碍并不局限于记忆（即在执行功能、注意力、语言、社会认知和判断、精神运动速度、视觉感知或视觉空间能力等其他领域也存在障碍）。神经行为变化也可能出现，在某些形式的痴呆症中，神经行为变化可能是主要症状。认知障碍并非由正常衰老引起，其严重程度足以严重影响患者独立完成日常生活活动。认知障碍被推测由神经系统获得性疾病、创伤、感染或其他影响大脑的疾病过程，或由于使用特指物质或药物、营养缺乏或接触毒素所致，或可能病因未定。功能障碍并非由目前药物中毒或戒断所致。

Dementia is characterized by the presence of marked impairment in two or more cognitive domains relative to that expected given the individual’s age and general premorbid level of cognitive functioning, which represents a decline from the individual’s previous level of functioning. Memory impairment is present in most forms of dementia, but cognitive impairment is not restricted to memory (i.e., there is impairment in other areas such as executive functions, attention, language, social cognition and judgment, psychomotor speed, visuoperceptual or visuospatial abilities). Neurobehavioural changes may also be present and, in some forms of dementia, may be the presenting symptom. Cognitive impairment is not attributable to normal aging and is severe enough to significantly interfere with independence in an individual’s performance of activities of daily living. The cognitive impairment is presumed to be attributable to an underlying acquired disease of the nervous system, a trauma, an infection or other disease process affecting the brain, or to use of specific substances or medications, nutritional deficiency or exposure to toxins, or the etiology may be undetermined. The impairment is not due to current substance intoxication or withdrawal.

包含词 该编码包含的临床情况，通常不作为独立编码

• 痴呆NOS
• 重度神经认知障碍

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 昏迷MB20.1
• 谵妄6D70
• 智力发育障碍6A00
• 神经发育障碍
• 木僵MB20.0
• 衰老相关性内在能力减退MG2A

子条目 共 9 条

• 6D80阿尔茨海默病所致痴呆5
• 6D81脑血管病所致痴呆
• 6D82路易体病所致痴呆
• 6D83额颞痴呆
• 6D84精神活性物质（包括治疗药物）所致痴呆4
• 6D85分类于他处的疾病所致痴呆11
• 6D86痴呆引起的行为或精神紊乱9
• 6D8Y其他特指原因的痴呆
• 6D8Z不明或未特指原因的痴呆

编码备注 Coding note

此分类仅能在痴呆的病因未知时用作主要编码。若已知痴呆的病因，则将痴呆的病因作为主要编码。

This category should only be used for primary tabulation, if the aetiology of the dementia is unknown. If the aetiology of the dementia is known code to the aetiology of the dementia for primary tabulation. When dementia is due to multiple aetiologies, code all that apply.