神经认知障碍

Neurocognitive disorders

上级条目: 06 精神、行为或神经发育障碍
编码区间: 6D70-6E0Z
层级: 2 级

定义

神经认知障碍的特点是认知功能的主要临床缺陷是获得性，而非发育性。也就是说，神经认知障碍并不包括从出生时就存在的认知功能障碍，也不包括通常在发育期出现的认知功能障碍，这些障碍被分类于神经发育障碍。相反，神经认知障碍是指认知功能从以前达到的水平下降。尽管许多精神障碍（如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍）都存在认知障碍，但只有以认知为核心特征的障碍才被归入神经认知障碍组。如果可以确定神经认知障碍的潜在病理和病因，则应将确定的病因单独分类。

Neurocognitive disorders are characterised by primary clinical deficits in cognitive functioning that are acquired rather than developmental. That is, neurocognitive disorders do not include disorders characterised by deficits in cognitive function that are present from birth or that typically arise during the developmental period, which are classified in the grouping neurodevelopmental disorders. Rather, neurocognitive disorders represent a decline from a previously attained level of functioning. Although cognitive deficits are present in many mental disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorders), only disorders whose core features are cognitive are included in the neurocognitive disorders grouping. In cases where the underlying pathology and aetiology for neurocognitive disorders can be determined, the identified etiology should be classified separately.