分离性药物（包括氯胺酮或苯环利定PCP）使用所致障碍
Disorders due to use of dissociative drugs including ketamine or phencyclidine (PCP)
- 上级条目
- 物质使用所致障碍
- 层级
- 4 级
定义
因使用包括氯胺酮和苯环利定（PCP）在内的分离性药物所致障碍以使用解离药物的模式和后果为特征。解离药物包括氯胺酮和苯环利定（PCP）及其化学类似物（相对罕见）。氯胺酮是一种静脉注射麻醉剂，广泛用于中低收入国家，特别是非洲，以及紧急情况下。氯胺酮还被评估用于治疗某些精神疾病（如抗药性抑郁障碍）。在许多国家，氯胺酮也是一种广泛使用的非医用药物，可通过口服、鼻饲或注射途径服用。它产生一种欣快感，但根据剂量不同，出现幻觉和分离被认为是令人不快的副作用。苯环利定在全球范围内分布更为有限，也有欣快和解离作用。使用这种药物可能导致与个人特征不符的怪异行为，包括自残。解离性药物依赖被描述为一种戒断综合征，但大多数权威机构并不认可。几种由解离性药物引发的精神障碍已被公认。
Disorders due to use of dissociative drugs including ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are characterised by the pattern and consequences of dissociative drug use. Dissociative drugs include ketamine and PCP and their (comparatively rare) chemical analogues. Ketamine is an intravenous anaesthetic widely used in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Africa, and in emergency situations. Ketamine is also undergoing evaluation for treatment of some mental disorders (e.g., treatment resistant Depressive Disorders). It is also a widespread drug of nonmedical use in many countries and may be taken by the oral or nasal routes or injected. It produces a sense of euphoria but depending on the dose, emergent hallucinations and dissociation are recognised as unpleasant side effects. Phencyclidine has a more restricted worldwide distribution and also has euphoric and dissociative effects. Its use may result in bizarre behaviour uncharacteristic for the individual, including self-harm. Dissociative Drug Dependence is described but a withdrawal syndrome is not recognized by most authorities. Several Dissociative Drug-Induced Mental Disorders are recognised.
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子条目 共 9 条
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