变应性鼻炎
Allergic rhinitis
- 上级条目
- CA08 血管舒缩性或变应性鼻炎
- 层级
- 4 级
定义
变应性鼻炎是一种鼻气道炎症，由受影响个体以前已致敏的过敏原引发。变应性鼻炎的发病机制是鼻粘膜上的I型变态反应。吸入致敏鼻粘膜的抗原与肥大细胞上的IgE抗体结合，肥大细胞释放组胺和肽白三烯等化学介质。因此，感觉神经元和血管末端产生反应，导致打喷嚏、流鼻涕和鼻塞（即时相反应）。在后期反应中，肥大细胞产生各种化学介质，Th2和肥大细胞产生细胞因子，上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞和纤维细胞分别产生趋化因子。这些细胞源性递质实际上诱导各种细胞类型的炎性细胞浸润到鼻粘膜。其中，活化的嗜酸性粒细胞是粘膜肿胀和高反应性的主要参与者。
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal airway triggered by allergens to which the affected individual has previously been sensitized. Pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is type I allergy on the nasal mucosa. Antigens inhaled into sensitized nasal mucosa bind to IgE antibodies on mast cells, which release chemical mediators such as histamine and peptide leukotriene. Consequently terminal of sensory neurons and vessels react to induce sneezing, running nose, and stuffy nose (immediate phase reaction). In late phase reaction, various chemical mediators are produced by mast cells, cytokines are produced by Th2 and mast cells, and chemokines are produced by epithelial cells, endothelium of blood vessels, and fibrocytes, respectively. These cell-derived transmitters actually induce various cell types of inflammatory cell infiltration to nasal mucosa. Among them, activated eosinophils is the main player of mucosal swelling and hyperreactivity.
子条目 共 5 条
后组配轴 Postcoordination
该条目未定义后组配轴，直接使用上面的编码即可。后组配是在主干编码之后追加侧别、具体解剖部位、严重程度、病因等细节的可选组合方式，不是必填项。