血管舒缩性或变应性鼻炎

定义

鼻炎是鼻粘膜的炎症，临床特征为：打喷嚏、鼻瘙痒、流鼻涕和鼻塞。 变应性鼻炎是一种鼻气道炎症，由受影响个体以前已致敏的过敏原引发。变应性鼻炎的发病机制是鼻粘膜上的I型变态反应。吸入致敏鼻粘膜的抗原与肥大细胞上的IgE抗体结合，肥大细胞释放组胺和肽白三烯等化学介质。 因此，感觉神经元和血管末端会产生反应，导致打喷嚏、流鼻涕和鼻塞（即时相反应）。在后期反应中，肥大细胞产生各种化学介质，Th2和肥大细胞产生细胞因子，上皮细胞、血管内皮细胞和纤维细胞分别产生趋化因子。这些细胞源性递质实际上诱导各种细胞类型的炎性细胞浸润到鼻粘膜。其中，活化的嗜酸性粒细胞是粘膜肿胀和高反应性的主要参与者。 非过敏性鼻炎是一种不涉及过敏机制的鼻粘膜炎症。它涵盖了许多不同表型。

Rhinitis is inflammation of the nasal mucosa clinically characterised by major symptoms: sneezing, nasal pruritus, running nose, and stuffy nose. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal airway triggered by allergens to which the affected individual has previously been sensitized. Pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is type I allergy on the nasal mucosa. Antigens inhaled into sensitized nasal mucosa bind to IgE antibodies on mast cells, which release chemical mediators such as histamine and peptide leukotriene. Consequently terminal of sensory neurons and vessels react to induce sneezing, running nose, and stuffy nose (immediate phase reaction). In late phase reaction, various chemical mediators are produced by mast cells, cytokines are produced by Th2 and mast cells, and chemokines are produced by epithelial cells, endothelium of blood vessels, and fibrocytes, respectively. These cell-derived transmitters actually induce various cell types of inflammatory cell infiltration to nasal mucosa. Among them, activated eosinophils is the main player of mucosal swelling and hyperreactivity. Non-allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal mucosa in which allergic mechanisms are not involved. It covers many different phenotypes.

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 鼻炎NOSCA09.0

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 血管舒缩性或变应性鼻炎
• 血管运动性鼻炎或变应性鼻炎

子条目 共 4 条

• CA08.0变应性鼻炎5
• CA08.1非变应性鼻炎3
• CA08.2混合性鼻炎
• CA08.3血管舒缩性鼻炎