合成卡西酮类物质所致焦虑障碍

定义

合成卡西酮类物质所致焦虑障碍的特征是在吸食或停用合成卡西酮期间或之后不久出现焦虑症状（如忧虑或担心、恐惧、自主神经过度唤起的生理症状、回避行为）。症状的强度或持续时间大大超过合成卡西酮中毒或合成卡西酮戒断所特有的焦虑症状。使用合成卡西酮的量和持续时间必须能够产生焦虑症状。原发性精神障碍（如焦虑和恐惧相关障碍、抑郁障碍伴突出的焦虑症状）不能更好地解释这些症状、如果焦虑症状发生在合成卡西酮使用开始之前，如果症状在停止使用合成卡西酮或停药后持续了相当长一段时间，或者如果有其他证据表明存在具有焦虑症状的原发性精神障碍（例如，与合成卡西酮的使用无关的既往发作史），则可能属于这种情况。

Synthetic cathinone-induced anxiety disorder is characterised by anxiety symptoms (e.g., apprehension or worry, fear, physiological symptoms of excessive autonomic arousal, avoidance behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxication with or withdrawal from synthetic cathinones. The intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of anxiety symptoms that are characteristic of Synthetic cathinone intoxication or Synthetic cathinone withdrawal. The amount and duration of synthetic cathinone use must be capable of producing anxiety symptoms. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental disorder (e.g., an Anxiety and fear-related disorder, a Depressive disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms), as might be the case if the anxiety symptoms preceded the onset of the synthetic cathinone use, if the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time after cessation of the synthetic cathinone use or withdrawal, or if there is other evidence of a pre-existing primary mental disorder with anxiety symptoms (e.g., a history of prior episodes not associated with synthetic cathinone use).

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• 合成卡西酮类物质所致焦虑障碍