大麻素类物质所致焦虑障碍

定义

大麻诱发的焦虑症的特征是在大麻中毒或戒断期间或之后不久出现的焦虑症状（例如，忧虑或担忧、恐惧、过度自主唤醒的生理症状、回避行为）。症状的强度或持续时间大大超过了以大麻中毒或大麻戒断所特有的焦虑症状。大麻用量和持续时间必须能够产生焦虑症状。原发性精神障碍（例如，焦虑和恐惧相关障碍、具有突出焦虑症状的抑郁症）不能更好地解释这些症状，如果焦虑症状在使用大麻之前出现，如果症状在停止使用或戒断大麻后持续很长一段时间，或者，如果有其他证据表明以前存在的具有焦虑症状的原发性精神障碍（例如，与使用大麻无关的既往发作史），则可能是这种情况。

Cannabis-induced anxiety disorder is characterised by anxiety symptoms (e.g., apprehension or worry, fear, physiological symptoms of excessive autonomic arousal, avoidance behaviour) that develop during or soon after intoxication with or withdrawal from cannabis. The intensity or duration of the symptoms is substantially in excess of anxiety symptoms that are characteristic of Cannabis intoxication or Cannabis withdrawal. The amount and duration of cannabis use must be capable of producing anxiety symptoms. The symptoms are not better explained by a primary mental disorder (e.g., an Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorder, a Depressive Disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms), as might be the case if the anxiety symptoms preceded the onset of the cannabis use, if the symptoms persist for a substantial period of time after cessation of the cannabis use or withdrawal, or if there is other evidence of a pre-existing primary mental disorder with anxiety symptoms (e.g., a history of prior episodes not associated with cannabis use).

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