慢性鼻窦炎

定义

鼻窦炎是继发于感染和过敏机制的副鼻窦粘膜的炎症。鼻窦分泌物滞留是鼻窦炎发展过程中最重要的事件。为感染因子的生长创造了有利的环境，可能是由于鼻窦口阻塞或狭窄、粘膜纤毛功能障碍和粘液成分变化造成的。90%的鼻窦炎涉及上颌窦。慢性鼻窦炎是指症状持续3个月或以上。鼻窦炎的诊断基于既往病史和体检结果。CT扫描是评估鼻窦疾病的最敏感技术。 慢性鼻窦炎的治疗目标是根除感染，缓解口鼻道阻塞，使黏液纤毛清除正常化，并预防并发症。当药物治疗没有任何明显改善，或当患者的并发症可以选择手术方式时，手术干预应旨在建立有效的窦口引流。功能性内窥镜鼻窦手术（FESS）描述了彻底改变鼻窦疾病治疗方法的内窥镜技术。该手术旨在通过扩大窦口鼻道复合体恢复窦通气和引流的生理功能，同时尽量减少手术对正常解剖路径的改变。

Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses secondary to both infectious and allergic mechanisms. The retention of sinus secretions is the most important event in the development of sinusitis. This creates a favourable milieu for the growth of infection agents and may be caused by the obstruction or narrowing of sinus ostia, mucociliary dysfunction and changes in mucus composition. 90% of sinus infections involve the maxillary sinus. Chronic sinusitis refers to symptom duration lasting 3 months or more. Diagnosis of sinusitis is based on past history and physical examination findings. The CT scan is the most sensitive technique in evaluating sinus disease. The goals of management of chronic sinusitis are to eradicate infection, to relieve ostiomeatal obstruction, to normalize mucociliary clearance, and to prevent complications. When pharmaceutical treatment does not have any remarkable improvement or when a surgical approach can be chosen as patient's complication, surgical intervention should be aimed to establish an effective sinus drainage from the ostium. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) describes endoscopic techniques that have revolutionized the approach to sinus disease. The procedure is aimed at restoring the functional physiology of sinus aeration and drainage via the expanded ostiomeatal complex while minimizing surgical alteration of the normal anatomic pathways.

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 急性鼻窦炎CA01

子条目 共 3 条

• CA0A.0Samter综合征
• CA0A.Y其他特指的慢性鼻窦炎
• CA0A.Z未特指的慢性鼻窦炎