挥发性吸入剂使用所致障碍
Disorders due to use of volatile inhalants
- 上级条目
- 物质使用所致障碍
- 层级
- 4 级
定义
挥发性吸入剂使用所致障碍是以使用挥发性吸入剂的模式和后果为特征的。挥发性吸入剂包括一系列在环境温度下处于气态或蒸气态的化合物，其中包括各种有机溶剂、胶水、汽油（汽油）、亚硝酸盐和气体，如一氧化二氮、三氯乙烷、丁烷、甲苯、碳氟化合物、乙醚和氟烷。它们具有各种药理特性，但主要是中枢神经系统抑制剂，许多还具有血管活性作用。这些药物往往为年轻人所使用，在难以或无法获得替代性精神活性物质时可能使用。挥发性吸入剂中毒已得到公认。挥发性吸入剂具有产生依赖性特性，挥发性吸入剂依赖和挥发性吸入剂戒断已得到确认，但在世界范围内相对不常见。对挥发性吸入剂引起的精神障碍也有描述。它们还可能导致神经认知障碍，包括痴呆症。
Disorders due to use of volatile inhalants are characterised by the pattern and consequences of volatile inhalant use. Volatile inhalants include a range of compounds that are in the gaseous or vapour phase at ambient temperatures and include various organic solvents, glues, gasoline (petrol), nitrites and gases such as nitrous oxide, trichloroethane, butane, toluene, fluorocarbons, ether and halothane. They have a range of pharmacological properties but are predominantly central nervous system depressants, with many also having vasoactive effects. They tend to be used by younger persons and may be used when access to alternative psychoactive substances is difficult or impossible. Volatile Inhalant Intoxication is well recognized. Volatile inhalants have dependence-producing properties and Volatile Inhalant Dependence and Volatile Inhalant Withdrawal is recognized although comparatively uncommon worldwide. Volatile Inhalant-Induced Mental Disorders are described. They may also cause neurocognitive impairment, including Dementia.
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