合成大麻素类物质使用所致障碍
Disorders due to use of synthetic cannabinoids
- 上级条目
- 物质使用所致障碍
- 层级
- 4 级
定义
合成大麻素所致疾病是以合成大麻素的使用模式和后果为特征的。合成大麻素是合成的多种化学化合物，是内源性大麻素受体的强效激动剂。这种化合物有几百种。合成化合物通常喷在大麻或茶叶等载体上，然后被吸食。这些化合物的作用明显不同于吸食天然种植的大麻，因为欣快效应通常伴随或主要是精神病样症状（例如，偏执、幻觉和无序行为）。因此，合成大麻素中毒除了大麻更典型的作用外，还可能更频繁地出现精神病症状。合成大麻素也会产生依赖性，合成大麻素依赖性和合成大麻素戒断也被认可。合成大麻素引起的精神障碍也会发生；尤其是合成大麻素引起的精神病性障碍是公认的。
Disorders due to use of synthetic cannabinoids are characterised by the pattern and consequences of synthetic cannabinoid use. Synthetic cannabinoids are synthesized diverse chemical compounds that are potent agonists for endogenous cannabinoid receptors. There are several hundred such compounds. The synthetic compound is typically sprayed onto a vehicle such as cannabis or tea leaves and then smoked. The effect of these compounds is distinctly different from smoking naturally cultivated cannabis in that the euphoric effects are typically accompanied or dominated by psychotic-like symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior). Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication may therefore present more frequently with psychotic symptoms in addition to the more typical effects of cannabis. Synthetic cannabinoids are also dependence-producing and Synthetic Cannabinoid Dependence and Synthetic Cannabinoid Withdrawal are recognized. Synthetic Cannabinoid-Induced Mental Disorders also occur; in particular Synthetic Cannabinoid-Induced Psychotic Disorder is recognized.
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