三叉神经功能障碍

定义

三叉神经是一条混合神经，有三个分支，即眼神经、上颌神经和下颌神经，为面部和口腔及鼻腔粘膜提供感觉神经，并为咀嚼肌、鼓膜张肌、腭帆张肌、下颌舌骨肌和二腹肌的前腹提供运动神经。三叉神经核复合体延伸到整个脑干，因此它容易受到许多病理过程的影响，包括脱髓鞘、缺血、出血、感染性和非感染性炎症和肿瘤，导致三叉神经受累的症状。 脑干外的感觉神经根被血管环压迫导致三叉神经痛。症状和体征取决于病变部位。一般来说，三叉神经紊乱与面部半感觉丧失、张口时下颌偏向瘫痪侧和角膜反射丧失有关。

The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve with three divisions, ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular divisions, that provides sensory innervation to the face and mucous membrane of the oral and nasal cavities and motor innervations to the muscle of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatine, mylohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric muscle. The trigeminal nuclear complex extends throughout the brainstem, hence it is susceptible to many pathologic processes including demyelination, ischemia, haemorrhage, infectious and non-infectious inflammation and neoplasm leading to symptoms of trigeminal nerve involvement. Compression of the sensory nerve root outside the brain stem by a vascular loop leads to trigeminal neuralgia. Symptoms and signs depend on the site of the lesion. In general, a trigeminal nerve disorder is associated with hemisensory facial loss, deviation of the jaw to paralysed side on opening of the mouth, and loss of the corneal reflex.

跨章引用 同一概念在其他章节另有编码

• 非典型性面痛8A85

子条目 共 2 条

• 8B82.0三叉神经痛
• 8B82.Z未特指的三叉神经功能障碍