紧张症

Catatonia

上级条目: 06 精神、行为或神经发育障碍
编码区间: 6A40-6A4Z
层级: 2 级

定义

紧张症是一种主要由精神运动障碍引起的综合征，其特征是同时出现几种精神运动活动减少、增加或异常的症状。紧张症的评估很复杂，需要观察、访谈和体检。紧张症可在另一种精神障碍的情况下发生，如精神分裂症或其他原发性精神病性障碍、情绪障碍和神经发育障碍，特别是自闭症谱系障碍。紧张症也可以在某些精神活性物质中毒或戒断后不久发生，包括苯环利定（PCP）、大麻、致幻剂如麦司卡林或LSD、可卡因和MDMA或相关药物，或在使用某些精神活性和非精神活性药物期间发生（如抗精神病药物、苯二氮卓类药物、类固醇、双硫仑、环丙沙星）。最后，紧张症可以作为不可归类于精神、行为或神经发育障碍的医学情况的直接病理生理后果而发生。可能与紧张症有关的医学情况包括糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高钙血症、肝性脑病、同型半胱氨酸尿症、肿瘤、头部创伤、脑血管病和脑炎。

Catatonia is a syndrome of primarily psychomotor disturbances, characterized by the co-occurrence of several symptoms of decreased, increased, or abnormal psychomotor activity. The assessment of catatonia is complex and requires observation, interview and physical exam. Catatonia can occur in the context of another mental disorder, such as Schizophrenia or Other Primary Psychotic Disorders, Mood Disorders, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, especially Autism Spectrum Disorder. Catatonia can also develop during or soon after intoxication or withdrawal from certain psychoactive substances, including phencyclidine (PCP), cannabis, hallucinogens such as mescaline or LSD, cocaine and MDMA or related drugs, or during the use of certain psychoactive and non-psychoactive medications (e.g. antipsychotic medications, benzodiazepines, steroids, disulfiram, ciprofloxacin). Finally, Catatonia can occur as a direct pathophysiological consequence of a medical condition not classified under Mental, Behavioural or Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Examples of medical conditions that may be associated with Catatonia include diabetic ketoacidosis, hypercalcemia, hepatic encephalopathy, homocystinuria, neoplasms head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, and encephalitis.