精神分裂症

定义

精神分裂症的特点是多种精神状态的紊乱，包括思维（如妄想、思维形式的紊乱）、感知（如幻觉）、自我体验（如感觉、冲动、思想或行为受外力控制的体验）、认知（如注意力、语言记忆和社会认知受损）、意志力（例如丧失动机）、情感（例如迟钝的情绪表达）和行为（例如，出现怪异或无目的、不可预测或不适当的情绪反应，干扰行为组织的行为）。精神运动障碍，包括紧张症，可能存在。持续性妄想、持续性幻觉、思维障碍和影响、被动或控制的经历被认为是核心症状。症状必须持续至少一个月，才能确诊精神分裂症。这些症状不是另一种健康状况（如脑瘤）的表现，也不是由于某种物质或药物对中枢神经系统（如皮质类固醇）的影响，包括戒断（如戒酒）。

Schizophrenia is characterised by disturbances in multiple mental modalities, including thinking (e.g., delusions, disorganisation in the form of thought), perception (e.g., hallucinations), self-experience (e.g., the experience that one's feelings, impulses, thoughts, or behaviour are under the control of an external force), cognition (e.g., impaired attention, verbal memory, and social cognition), volition (e.g., loss of motivation), affect (e.g., blunted emotional expression), and behaviour (e.g., behaviour that appears bizarre or purposeless, unpredictable or inappropriate emotional responses that interfere with the organisation of behaviour). Psychomotor disturbances, including catatonia, may be present. Persistent delusions, persistent hallucinations, thought disorder, and experiences of influence, passivity, or control are considered core symptoms. Symptoms must have persisted for at least one month in order for a diagnosis of schizophrenia to be assigned. The symptoms are not a manifestation of another health condition (e.g., a brain tumour) and are not due to the effect of a substance or medication on the central nervous system (e.g., corticosteroids), including withdrawal (e.g., alcohol withdrawal).

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 急性短暂性精神病性障碍6A23
• 分裂型障碍6A22
• 精神分裂性反应6A22

子条目 共 5 条

• 6A20.0精神分裂症，首次发作4
• 6A20.1精神分裂症，多次发作4
• 6A20.2精神分裂症，持续性4
• 6A20.Y精神分裂症其他特指的发作
• 6A20.Z精神分裂症，未特指的发作