注意缺陷多动障碍
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- 上级条目
- 神经发育障碍
- 层级
- 3 级
定义
注意缺陷多动障碍的特征是持续的注意力不集中和/或多动冲动（至少6个月），对学习、职业或社会功能有直接的负面影响。有证据表明，在12岁之前有明显的注意力不集中和/或多动症-冲动症状，通常是在儿童早期到中期，尽管有些人可能在后来才首次引起临床注意。注意力不集中和多动冲动的程度超出了年龄和智力水平的正常变化范围。注意力不集中是指对不提供高度刺激或频繁奖励的任务难以保持注意力，容易分心和有组织问题。 多动症是指过度的运动活动和保持静止困难，在需要行为自我控制的结构化情况下最为明显。冲动性是指对即时刺激做出反应的倾向，不经过深思熟虑或考虑风险和后果。注意力不集中和多动-冲动特征的相对平衡和具体表现因人而异，并可能在发展过程中发生变化。为做出诊断，注意力不集中和/或多动-冲动的表现必须在多种情况或环境中明显存在（如家庭、学校、工作、与朋友或亲戚在一起），但可能根据环境结构和要求而变化。症状不能归因于另一种精神、行为或神经发育障碍，也不是由于某种物质或药物的影响。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is characterised by a persistent pattern (at least 6 months) of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has a direct negative impact on academic, occupational, or social functioning. There is evidence of significant inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms prior to age 12, typically by early to mid-childhood, though some individuals may first come to clinical attention later. The degree of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity is outside the limits of normal variation expected for age and level of intellectual functioning. Inattention refers to significant difficulty in sustaining attention to tasks that do not provide a high level of stimulation or frequent rewards, distractibility and problems with organisation. Hyperactivity refers to excessive motor activity and difficulties with remaining still, most evident in structured situations that require behavioural self-control. Impulsivity is a tendency to act in response to immediate stimuli, without deliberation or consideration of the risks and consequences. The relative balance and the specific manifestations of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive characteristics varies across individuals and may change over the course of development. In order for a diagnosis to be made, manifestations of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity must be evident across multiple situations or settings (e.g., home, school, work, with friends or relatives), but are likely to vary according to the structure and demands of the setting. Symptoms are not better accounted for by another mental, behavioural, or neurodevelopmental disorder and are not due to the effect of a substance or medication.
包含词 该编码包含的临床情况，通常不作为独立编码
- 注意缺陷障碍伴多动
- 注意缺陷综合征伴多动
英文词条（2）
- attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity
- attention deficit syndrome with hyperactivity
子条目 共 5 条
后组配轴 Postcoordination
该条目未定义后组配轴，直接使用上面的编码即可。后组配是在主干编码之后追加侧别、具体解剖部位、严重程度、病因等细节的可选组合方式，不是必填项。