马尔堡病

定义

一种由马尔堡病毒或一种密切相关的病毒感染引起的病死率高的严重疾病。马尔堡病的典型特征是急性起病发热，伴有非特异性症状/体征（如腹痛、厌食、疲劳、不适、肌痛、喉咙痛），通常几天后出现恶心、呕吐、腹泻，偶尔出现各种皮疹。病情严重者可出现出血性表现（如穿刺部位出血、瘀血、瘀斑、内脏积液）、脑病、休克/低血压、多器官衰竭、常见的实验室检查结果包括血小板减少、转氨酶浓度升高、电解质异常和肾功能不全。康复者可能会经历长期的后遗症（如关节痛、神经认知功能障碍、葡萄膜炎），临床和亚临床持续感染可能发生在免疫豁免区（如中枢神经系统、眼睛、睾丸）。人与人之间的传播是通过直接接触血液、其他体液、器官或被污染的表面和材料而发生，风险从临床症状发生时开始，并随着疾病的严重程度而增加。与死者有直接接触的家庭成员、性接触者、医护人员和葬礼参与者尤其危险。潜伏期通常为7-11天（范围约为2-21天）。

A severe disease with high case fatality caused by infection with virus of the Orthomarburgvirus genus. Marburg disease is typically characterised by acute onset of fever with non-specific symptoms/signs (e.g., abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue, malaise, myalgia, sore throat) usually followed several days later by nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and occasionally a variable rash. Severe illness may include haemorrhagic manifestations (e.g., bleeding from puncture sites, ecchymoses, petechiae, visceral effusions), encephalopathy, shock/hypotension, multi-organ failure. Common laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminase concentrations, electrolyte abnormalities, and signs of renal dysfunction. Individuals who recover may experience prolonged sequelae (e.g., arthralgia, neurocognitive dysfunction, uveitis). Viral persistence has been documented in immune-privileged compartments (e.g., CNS, eyes, testes) in some people who recovered. Person-to-person transmission occurs by direct contact with blood, other bodily fluids, organs, or contaminated surfaces and materials with risk beginning at the onset of clinical signs and increasing with disease severity. Family members, healthcare providers and other people providing care to patients,and people with direct contact with the deceased are at particular risk. The incubation period typically is 7–11 days (range ≈2–21 days).

子条目 共 4 条

• 1D60.10马尔堡病毒病
• 1D60.11非典型马尔堡病
• 1D60.1Y其他特指的马尔堡病
• 1D60.1Z马尔堡病，病毒未特指