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5A71.01

先天性肾上腺增生

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

上级条目
5A71.0 先天性雄激素诱发的46,XX性发育异常
层级
6 级

定义

先天性肾上腺皮质增生症(CAH)是指一组与肾上腺激素生物合成完全(经典形式)或部分(非经典)异常有关的疾病。这种情况的特点是皮质醇或醛固酮分泌不足(经典型伴有盐分流失),与肾上腺雄激素过度分泌有关。在经典形式中,代谢失代偿(脱水伴低钠血症、高钾血症和酸中毒伴盐皮质激素缺乏,低血糖伴糖皮质激素缺乏)可能从新生儿期开始危及生命。受影响的女性在出生时可能会发现生殖器变异。慢性高雄激素血症可能导致儿童期生长加速,但骨质成熟提前可能导致最终身高不足。成年人往往超重,代谢紊乱、骨骼异常和可存在生育问题。非典型与晚期发病有关,在青春期前后,表现为高雄激素血症(痤疮、多毛、月经问题和不孕)。

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to a group of conditions associated with either complete (classical form) or partial (non-classical) anomalies in the biosynthesis of adrenal hormones. The condition is characterised by insufficient production of cortisol, or of aldosterone (classical form with salt wasting), associated with overproduction of adrenal androgens. In the classical form, metabolic decompensation (dehydration with hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and acidosis associated with mineralocorticoid deficiency, and hypoglycaemia associated with glucocorticoid deficiency) may be life-threatening from the neonatal period onwards. Genital variations may be noted at birth in affected females. Chronic hyperandrogenism may lead to accelerated growth during childhood, but advanced bone maturation may lead to a deficit in final height. Adults tend to be overweight and metabolic disturbances, bone anomalies and fertility problems may also be present. Non-classical forms are associated with later onset, during the peri- or postpubertal period, and manifest with signs of hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism, menstrual problems and infertility).

先天性肾上腺增生症(CAH)是指一组与肾上腺激素的生物合成完全异常(经典形式)或部分异常(非经典型)有关的疾病。据估计,与 21- 羟化酶缺乏症相关的经典形式的发病率为 1/14,000。然而,非经典形式更为常见。该病特点是皮质醇或醛固酮分泌不足(伴有盐耗的经典类型),同时伴有肾上腺雄激素分泌过多。在经典病例中,代谢失代偿(脱水伴低钠血症、高钾血症和酸中毒与盐皮质激素缺乏有关,低血糖与糖皮质激素缺乏有关)可能从新生儿期开始危及生命。受累女性在出生时可能出现生殖器畸形。慢性高雄激素血症可能导致儿童期生长加速,但骨质提前成熟可能导致最终身高不足。成年人往往超重,也可能出现代谢紊乱、骨骼异常和生育问题。非经典型患者发病较晚,在青春期前后或青春期后发病,表现为高雄激素血症(痤疮、多毛症、月经不调和不孕)。CAH 是常染色体隐性遗传。最常见形式(占病例的 95%)是由 21- 羟化酶缺乏引起。导致 CAH 的其他原因包括 11-羟化酶、3-β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶或 17-α-羟化酶缺乏。许多国家已经建立了新生儿21-羟化酶缺乏症(经典形式)筛查,并以 17- 羟孕酮水平的测量为基础。在确定一个指证病例后,应对所有家庭成员和亲属进行检测。终生激素替代疗法(对于伴有盐耗的经典类型,使用糖皮质激素和盐皮质激素;对于单纯的男性化类型,使用糖皮质激素)需要密切随访(从儿童一直到成年),通过预防与慢性高雄激素血症相关的并发症并允许正常生育来改善患者预后。

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

  • 先天性肾上腺增生
  • 先天性肾上腺生殖系综合征
  • 先天性肾上腺皮质增生
  • 先天性肾上腺增生
  • 先天性肾上腺性腺综合征
  • 先天性肾上腺功能亢进症
  • 先天性女性肾上腺假两性畸形
  • 先天性肾上腺性征疾患伴酶缺乏
  • 11-β-羟化酶缺乏症引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • 17-α-羟化酶缺乏症引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生,经典型
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏症引起的先天性肾上腺增生,失盐型
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏症引起的先天性肾上腺增生,经典型,失盐型
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生,经典型,单纯男性化型
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生,非经典型
  • 21-羟化酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生,非失盐型
  • 3-β-类固醇脱氢酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • 细胞色素P450氧化还原酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • 细胞色素POR缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • 侧链裂解酶缺乏引起的先天性肾上腺增生
  • STAR缺乏引起的先天性类脂质性肾上腺增生
  • STAR缺乏引起的先天性类脂质性肾上腺增生,经典型
  • STAR缺乏引起的先天性类脂质性肾上腺增生,非经典型
英文词条(24)
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency
  • congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia
  • congenital adrenal gland hyperplasia
  • congenital adrenogenital syndrome
  • congenital adrenogenitalism
  • congenital female adrenal pseudohermaphroditism
  • congenital hyperadrenocorticism
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, classic form
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, salt-losing
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, classic form, salt wasting
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, classic form, simple virilizing
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, non-classic form
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, non salt-losing
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to cytochrome POR deficiency
  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to side-chain cleavage enzyme deficiency
  • Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia due to STAR deficiency
  • Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia due to STAR deficiency, classic form
  • Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia due to STAR deficiency, nonclassic form

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  • 临床表现hasManifestation可选