肾（除外肾盂）恶性肿瘤

定义

肾癌占人类癌症总负担的2%，每年约有19万个新病例被诊断出来。它们发生在世界所有地区，偏向于发达国家。致病因素包括环境致癌物（吸烟）和生活方式因素，特别是肥胖症。尽管肾脏肿瘤可以通过手术完全切除，但血行转移常见，而且可能在疾病的早期阶段就已经发生。肾脏肿瘤的体细胞突变模式已被广泛调查，除组织病理学外，已成为分类的主要标准。肾脏肿瘤也发生在一些遗传性癌症综合征的情况下，包括Von Hippel-Lindau病。

Cancer of the kidney amounts to 2% of the total human cancer burden, with approximately 190,000 new cases diagnosed each year. They occur in all world regions, with a preference for developed countries. Etiological factors include environmental carcinogens (tobacco smoking) and lifestyle factors, in particular obesity. Although renal tumours can be completely removed surgically, haematogeneous metastasis is frequent and may occur already at an early stage of the disease. The pattern of somatic mutations in kidney tumours has been extensively investigated and has become, in addition to histopathology, a major criterion for classification. Kidney tumours also occur in the setting of several inherited cancer syndromes, including von Hippel-Lindau disease.

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 恶性间叶性肿瘤
• 肾或肾盂转移性恶性肿瘤2E00
• 肾盂恶性肿瘤2C91
• 肾盏恶性肿瘤2C91

子条目 共 3 条

• 2C90.0肾细胞癌，除外肾盂
• 2C90.Y其他特指的肾（除外肾盂）恶性肿瘤
• 2C90.Z肾（除外肾盂）恶性肿瘤，未特指