新生儿骨质减少

定义

代谢性骨病是极低出生体重（VLBW）早产儿的常见并发症。最小、病情最严重的婴儿风险最大。进行性骨量减少伴脱钙骨，偶尔出现病理性骨折。主要原因是钙和磷摄入不足，无法满足生长需要。维生素D摄入不足是另一危险因素。促发因素包括长期肠外营养、维生素D和钙吸收不良、摄入基础母乳、长期使用利尿剂造成尿钙流失。

Metabolic bone disease is a common complication in very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants. The smallest, sickest infants are at greatest risk. Progressive osteopenia with demineralized bones and, occasionally, pathologic fractures may develop. The major cause is inadequate intake of calcium and phosphorus to meet the requirements for growth. Poor intake of vitamin D is an additional risk factor. Contributing factors include prolonged parenteral nutrition, vitamin D and calcium malabsorption, intake of unsupplemented human milk, immobilization, and urinary calcium losses from long-term diuretic use.

钙和磷从母体向胎儿的转移贯穿整个妊娠期，但其中80%发生在妊娠晚期。早产中断这一过程，当早产儿缺乏足够钙和磷供应支持生长中骨骼矿化时，就会引发佝偻病。

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 新生儿骨质减少
• 新生儿骨量减少
• 新生儿骨质疏松症