阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停

定义

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的特点是在睡眠过程中由于上气道阻塞而反复出现呼吸暂停或低通气。这些情况通常导致血氧饱和度降低，并通常因睡眠中的短暂觉醒而终止。过度嗜睡是许多病例的主诉，但并非所有病例都如此。失眠、睡眠质量差和疲劳也是常见症状。上呼吸道阻力综合征具有相同病理生理学特征，因此也应归类于此。在成人（18 岁以上）中，当阻塞性事件（呼吸暂停、低通气或呼吸事件相关觉醒）的频率超过每小时 15 次时，即可诊断为阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停。当频率超过每小时 5 次，并且：a) 出现可归因于呼吸障碍的症状（如嗜睡或睡眠中断）；或 b) 报告夜间呼吸困难或观察到呼吸暂停/习惯性打鼾；或 c) 出现高血压、情绪障碍、认知功能障碍、冠状动脉疾病、中风、充血性心力衰竭、心房颤动或 2 型糖尿病时，也可诊断为呼吸障碍。在儿童中，当阻塞事件发生频率超过每小时一次，并伴有与呼吸障碍相关的体征或症状时，即可诊断为呼吸障碍。

Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterised by repetitive episodes of apnoea or hypopnea that are caused by upper airway obstruction occurring during sleep. These events often result in reductions in blood oxygen saturation and are usually terminated by brief arousals from sleep. Excessive sleepiness is a major presenting complaint in many but not all cases. Reports of insomnia, poor sleep quality, and fatigue are also common. Upper airway resistance syndrome shares the same pathophysiology and should be classified here. In adults (> 18 years), obstructive sleep apnoea is diagnosed when the frequency of obstructive events (apnoeas, hypopneas or respiratory-event related arousals) is greater than 15 per hour. The disorder may also be diagnosed when the frequency is greater than five per hour and: a) symptoms attributable to the disorder (e.g., sleepiness or sleep disruption) are present; or b) nocturnal respiratory distress or observed apnoea/habitual snoring are reported; or c) when hypertension, a mood disorder, cognitive dysfunction, coronary artery disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or type 2 diabetes mellitus are present. In children, the disorder is diagnosed when the frequency of obstructive events is greater than one per hour, accompanied by signs or symptoms related to the breathing disorder. Note: A definitive diagnosis requires objective evidence based on polysomnography.

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 新生儿阻塞性呼吸暂停KB2A.1

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
• 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征
• 睡眠呼吸暂停NOS
• SAS-[睡眠呼吸暂停综合征]
• 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征
• OSAHS- [阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征]
• SAHS- [睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征]
• 成人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
• OSA[阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停]
• 儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
• OSA - [阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停]综合征
• 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征
• 上气道阻力综合征
• UARS[上气道阻力综合征]