周期性肢体运动障碍

定义

周期性肢体运动障碍的特征是在睡眠期间出现周期性重复（儿童> 5 次/小时，成人> 15 次/小时）、高度刻板的肢体运动的周期性发作，同时伴有睡眠开始或维持的显著困难或疲劳，而其他原发性睡眠障碍或其他病因无法解释这种情况。具体来说，当周期性肢体运动与不安腿综合征、嗜睡症或REM睡眠行为障碍相关时，不需要单独诊断为周期性肢体运动障碍，因为睡眠期间的肢体运动被认为是这些疾病的预期症状。周期性肢体运动最常发生于下肢，但也可能出现在手臂。这些症状可能与睡眠中反复觉醒有关，从而导致睡眠中断。症状严重到足以对个人、家庭、社会、教育、职业或其他重要功能领域造成重大困扰或损害（例如，由于频繁的睡眠中断）。 注：明确诊断需要基于多导睡眠呼吸监测的客观证据。

Periodic limb movement disorder is characterised by periodic episodes of repetitive (> 5/hour in children or > 15/hour in adults), highly stereotyped limb movements that occur during sleep, in conjunction with significant difficulties with sleep initiation or maintenance or fatigue that cannot be accounted for by another primary sleep disorder or other etiology. Specifically, when periodic limb movements are associated with Restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy or REM sleep behaviour disorder, a separate diagnosis of Periodic limb movement disorder is not warranted because the limb movements during sleep are considered an expected part of these disorders. Periodic limb movements occur most frequently in the lower extremities but may be seen in the arms as well. They may be associated with recurrent arousal from sleep, which gives rise to sleep disruption. The symptoms are sufficiently severe to result in significant distress or impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning (e.g., due to frequent disruptions in sleep. Note: A definitive diagnosis requires objective evidence based on polysomnography.

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• 周期性肢体运动障碍