必需脂肪酸缺乏

定义

EFA（亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸）的缺乏可由摄入不足引起，特别是在快速生长的婴儿（如早产儿）、接受肠外营养而没有足够的EFA来源的患者中，以及脂肪吸收不良的疾病中。临床表现为：皮炎、脱发和血小板减少症。孕期和哺乳期EFA的作用已被强调，长链n-3脂肪酸作为结构成分对视网膜功能和中枢神经系统发育的作用现在已被接受。产前时期是omega-3缺乏风险增加的时期，因为母体组织储存的omega-3被用于胎儿发育，所以趋于下降。n-3脂肪酸的缺乏会影响婴儿生长、认知和视觉功能。n-6脂肪酸缺乏的特征性体征是鳞屑性皮疹，经表皮失水增加，生长减少，以及血浆中二十碳三烯酸和花生四烯酸的比例升高。特殊人群中EFA缺乏与血液病和免疫反应减弱有关。长链n-3和n-6脂肪酸是必需的营养素，同时，作为整体脂肪供应的一部分，可能影响心血管疾病、糖尿病、癌症患病率和严重程度和与年龄有关的功能衰退。

Deficiency of EFA (linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) can be caused by deficient intake, particularly, in rapidly growing infants (as preterm infants), in patients receiving parenteral nutrition without an adequate source of EFA, and in diseases with fat malabsorption. Clinical findings are: dermatitis, alopecia, and thrombocytopenia. The role of EFA during pregnancy and lactation has been highlighted, and the role of long-chain n-3 fatty acids as structural components for the development of the retinal function and central nervous system is now accepted. The prenatal period is a time of increased risk for omega-3 deficiency, as maternal tissue stores tend to decline as they are used for the developing fetus. Deficiency of n-3 EFA can affect growth, and cognitive and visual function in infants. The characteristic signs of deficiency attributed to the n-6 fatty acids are scaly skin rash, increased transepidermal water loss, reduced growth, and elevation of the plasma ratio of eicosatrienoic acid: arachidonic acid. EFA deficiency in special populations has been linked to hematologic disturbances and diminished immune response. Long-chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are essential nutrients and also, as part of the overall fat supply may affect the prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and age-related functional decline.

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 必需脂肪酸缺乏
• EFAD[必需脂肪酸缺乏]