克里米亚-刚果出血热

定义

由克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒感染引起的疾病。潜伏期为2至9天。症状/体征通常包括高烧、头痛、乏力、关节痛、肌痛、恶心、腹痛，少见腹泻。早期症状通常包括发热、低血压、结膜炎、皮肤潮红或皮疹。随后，患者可出现进行性出血症状，如瘀斑、粘膜和结膜出血、血尿、咯血和黑便。致死率可达到30%。通过被感染的蜱虫叮咬、直接接触感染的动物血液或医源性传播。感染急性期实验室诊断包括病毒核酸检测，或分离出病毒，或从血清或血浆样品中通过酶联免疫法证明病毒抗原。在疾病后期采集的样本中，通过特异性IgG和IgM抗体证实确诊。

A disease caused by an infection with Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. The length of the incubation period depends on the mode of acquisition of the virus. Following infection by a tick bite, the incubation period is usually one to three days, with a maximum of nine days. The incubation period following contact with infected blood or tissues is usually five to six days, with a documented maximum of 13 days. Onset of symptoms is sudden, with fever, myalgia, (muscle ache), dizziness, neck pain and stiffness, backache, headache, sore eyes and photophobia (sensitivity to light). There may be nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and sore throat early on, followed by sharp mood swings and confusion. After two to four days, the agitation may be replaced by sleepiness, depression and lassitude, and the abdominal pain may localize to the upper right quadrant, with detectable hepatomegaly (liver enlargement). Other clinical signs include tachycardia (fast heart rate), lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes), and a petechial rash (a rash caused by bleeding into the skin) on internal mucosal surfaces, such as in the mouth and throat, and on the skin. The petechiae may give way to larger rashes called ecchymoses, and other haemorrhagic phenomena. There is usually evidence of hepatitis, and severely ill patients may experience rapid kidney deterioration, sudden liver failure or pulmonary failure after the fifth day of illness. The mortality rate from CCHF is approximately 30%, with death occurring in the second week of illness. In patients who recover, improvement generally begins on the ninth or tenth day after the onset of illness. The CCHF virus is transmitted to people either by tick bites or through contact with infected animal blood or tissues during and immediately after slaughter. The majority of cases have occurred in people involved in the livestock industry, such as agricultural workers, slaughterhouse workers and veterinarians. Human-to-human transmission can occur resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons. Hospital-acquired infections can also occur due to improper sterilization of medical equipment, reuse of needles and contamination of medical supplies. Laboratory diagnosis of the infection during the acute phase of illness consists of detection of viral nucleic acid or or by demonstration of viral antigen by enzyme-linked immunoassay from serum or plasma samples. In samples collected later during the illness, diagnosis is confirmed by demonstration of specific IgG and IgM antibodies.

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 克里米亚-刚果出血热
• 卡拉米克伤寒
• 新疆出血热
• CCHF[克里米亚-刚果出血热]