时差型睡眠-觉醒节律障碍

定义

睡眠-觉醒节律障碍（时差型）的特点是内源性生物钟产生的睡眠和觉醒周期与跨时区旅行所需的睡眠和觉醒模式在时间上暂时不匹配。患者主诉睡眠紊乱、嗜睡和疲劳、躯体症状（如肠胃不适）或日间功能受损。症状的严重程度和持续时间取决于旅行时区的数量、旅行时的睡眠能力、在新环境中接触适当的昼夜节律时间线索、在生物夜清醒时对昼夜节律失调的耐受性以及旅行方向。这些症状导致严重困扰或精神、身体、社交、职业或学业障碍。

Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder, jet lag type is characterised by a temporary mismatch between the timing of the sleep and wake cycle generated by the endogenous circadian clock and that of the sleep and wake pattern required by transmeridian travel across at least two time zones. Individuals complain of disturbed sleep, sleepiness and fatigue, somatic symptoms (e.g. gastrointestinal distress) or impaired daytime function. The severity and duration of symptoms is dependent on the number of time zones traveled, the ability to sleep while traveling, exposure to appropriate circadian times cues in the new environment, tolerance to circadian misalignment when awake during the biological night, and the direction of the travel. The symptoms result in significant distress or mental, physical, social, occupational or academic impairment.

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• 时差型睡眠-觉醒节律障碍