牛痘

定义

牛痘是由正痘病毒感染所致。人患病是由受感染宿主的皮肤接种引起的。牛痘在欧洲的小型啮齿动物中流行，特别是木鼠和木田鼠。经过7天的潜伏期后，会引起全身性的热性流感样疾病。病灶为单发或少发，主要影响面部及手。初期为红斑丘疹或水疱，以后形成结壳的焦痂，慢慢愈合后留下一个深麻点状疤痕。

Cowpox is due to infection by an orthopoxvirus. Human disease is caused by cutaneous inoculation from an infected host. Cowpox is endemic in Europe amongst small rodents, particularly wood mice and wood voles. After a seven day incubation it causes a systemic febrile flu-like illness. Lesions are solitary or few, mainly affecting the face and hands. An initial erythematous papula or blister later forms a crusted eschar which heals slowly leaving a deep pock-like scar.

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• 牛痘