肛门直肠畸形

定义

肛门直肠畸形（ARMs）是指肛门和直肠（消化道的下端）发育异常的出生缺陷（由于后肠或肛道的胚胎发育改变）。大约每5000例活产婴儿中就有1例发生这种疾病。这些疾病包括范围广泛，可影响男孩和女孩，并涉及远端肛门和直肠以及泌尿生殖道。可能会出现几种异常，包括以下情况：肛门开口上方可能存在一层膜；直肠可能不与肛门相连（肛门闭锁）； 直肠可能通过称为瘘管的异常通道与泌尿道或生殖系统的某个部分相连。ARMs的分类主要基于直肠袋相对于耻骨直肠吊带的位置、是否存在瘘管以及瘘管的类型和位置。以下分类是根据闭锁性直肠盲管相对于耻尾线（上边界或肛提肌的放射学标志）的水平进行的。

Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects (due to alterations in embryo development of hindgut or proctodeum) where the anus and rectum (the lower end of the digestive tract) do not develop properly. They occur in approximately 1 in 5000 live births. These comprise a wide spectrum of diseases, which can affect boys and girls, and involve the distal anus and rectum as well as the urinary and genital tracts. Several abnormalities can occur, including the following: A membrane may be present over the anal opening; The rectum may not connect to the anus (imperforate anus); The rectum may connect to a part of the urinary tract or the reproductive system through an abnormal passage called a fistula. The classification of ARMs is mainly based on the position of the rectal pouch relative to the puborectal sling, the presence or absence of fistulas, and the types and locations of the fistulas. The following classification is according to the level of the atretic rectal cul-de-sac with respect to the pubococcygeal line (the radiological landmark for the upper border or the levator ani muscle).

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 肛门直肠畸形
• 高位肛门直肠畸形
• 高位肛门直肠畸形伴瘘
• 高位肛门直肠畸形不伴瘘
• 中位肛门直肠畸形
• 中位肛门直肠畸形伴瘘
• 中位肛门直肠畸形不伴瘘
• 低位肛门直肠畸形
• 低位肛门直肠畸形伴瘘
• 低位肛门直肠畸形不伴瘘
• 肛门闭锁