腰骶神经丛功能障碍

定义

腰丛由腰脊神经L1至L4的前初级支组成，骶丛由腰脊神经L4、L5、S1、S2和S3的前初级支组成。腰丛通过L4前段与骶丛相连。腰骶神经丛可受到多种疾病影响，如肿瘤（宫颈、前列腺、膀胱、结肠、肾脏、卵巢）的直接侵犯或其他原因引起的功能障碍，如糖尿病、血管炎和放射损伤。也可能是特发性的。 腰丛神经病变表现为髋关节屈曲、膝关节伸直和髋关节内收无力。腹股沟区、生殖器上方、大腿外侧、前侧和内侧以及小腿内侧可能感觉丧失；膝跳可能减少或消失。 骶丛病变中，髋伸肌和外展肌、膝屈肌、踝跖屈肌和背屈肌无力；大腿后部、膝盖以下的腿前外侧和后部以及足的背外侧和足底表面感觉丧失。脚踝抽搐减少或消失。

The lumbar plexus is formed by the anterior primary rami of lumbar spinal nerves L1 to L4 and the sacral plexus is derived from the anterior primary rami of spinal nerves L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3. The lumbar plexus communicates with the sacral plexus via the anterior division of L4. The lumbosacral plexus can be affected by a variety of diseases like direct invasions by neoplasms (for examples from cervix, prostate, bladder, colorectum, kidney, ovary) or dysfunction due to other causes such as diabetes mellitus, vasculitis and radiation injury. It can also be idiopathic. In lumbar plexus lesions, there is weakness of hip flexion, knee extension and hip adduction. Sensation may be lost in the inguinal region, over the genitalia, the lateral, anterior and medial thigh and on the medial aspect of the lower leg; the knee jerk may be decreased or absent. In sacral plexus lesions, there is weakness of hip extensors and abductors, knee flexors, ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors; sensory loss is found over the posterior aspect of the thigh, the anterolateral and posterior aspect of the leg below the knee, and the dorsolateral and plantar surface of the foot. The ankle jerk is reduced or absent.

跨章引用 同一概念在其他章节另有编码

• 创伤性损伤引起的腰丛病变NB73

子条目 共 6 条

• 8B92.0放射后腰骶神经丛病变
• 8B92.1血管炎性腰骶神经丛病
• 8B92.2糖尿病性腰骶神经丛病
• 8B92.3腰骶神经根神经丛病
• 8B92.Y其他特指的腰骶神经丛功能障碍
• 8B92.Z未特指的腰骶神经丛功能障碍