高钙血症

定义

高钙血症是一种由钙水平升高引起的疾病。钙水平越高，上升得越快，症状就越严重。当出现症状时，是由于继发于尿液中钙、水和其他电解质流失的脱水，以及细胞外液游离钙浓度升高引起的膜电位升高。中度至重度高钙血症患者经常主诉恶心和呕吐，这些症状可能与脱水以及高钙血症对中枢神经系统功能影响有关。由于高钙血症倾向于使膜超极化，因此会出现一系列神经系统和神经肌肉症状和体征。轻度高钙血症患者常主诉疲劳、情绪低落和乏力。胃肠道动力功能受损；这通常导致便秘。

Hypercalcaemia is a condition caused by increased calcium levels. The higher the calcium levels and the faster its level rises, the more severe will be the symptoms. When present, symptoms are caused by dehydration secondary to urinary losses of calcium, water and other electrolytes, and to an increase in membrane potential caused by the elevation in extracellular fluid ionized calcium concentration. Patients with moderate to severe hypercalcaemia often complain of nausea and vomiting, symptoms likely related to dehydration as well as to the effects of the hypercalcaemia on central nervous system function. Because hypercalcaemia tends to hyperpolarize membranes, a range of neurologic and neuromuscular signs and symptoms can occur. Patients with mild hypercalcaemia often complain of fatigue, depressed mood and asthenia. Gastrointestinal motility is impaired; this commonly results in constipation.

高钙血症症状的严重程度与离子钙水平的升高程度和钙水平升高的速度有关。 由于肾脏集合管中的钙感应受体（CaSR）受到刺激，高钙血症还可导致肾源性糖尿病。因此，高钙血症患者经常出现多尿和多饮症状。

跨章引用 同一概念在其他章节另有编码

• 高钙血症源性肌病8D41.1

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 高钙血症
• 血清钙升高
• 高钙血症危象
• 高钙血综合征
• Burnett综合征
• 乳-碱综合征
• 钙过多
• 高钙血症综合征
• 高钙血脑病