中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停伴潮式呼吸

定义

中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停伴潮式呼吸的特征是反复出现以中枢性呼吸暂停或中枢性低通气（每小时超过五次）为主的呼吸暂停，与表现出流量（或潮气量）递增-递减模式的呼吸相交替。较长的周期长度（> 40 秒）将中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停伴潮式呼吸与其他中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停类型区分开来。绝大多数中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停伴潮式呼吸患者都患有收缩性或舒张性心力衰竭。中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停伴潮式呼吸患者白天动脉二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）正常或偏低。这种障碍通常与房颤/房扑、充血性心力衰竭或神经系统疾病有关，严重时导致白天嗜睡、睡眠紊乱、呼吸困难或打鼾等症状。 注：确诊需要基于多导睡眠呼吸监测的客观证据。

Central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterised by recurrent, predominantly central apnoeas or central hypopneas (more than five per hour) alternating with a respiratory phase exhibiting a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of flow (or tidal volume). The longer cycle length (> 40 seconds) distinguishes central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing from other central sleep apnoea types. The vast majority of patients with Central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing have either systolic or diastolic heart failure. Patients with Central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing have normal or low daytime arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The disturbance is typically associated with atrial fibrillation/flutter, congestive heart failure, or a neurological disorder and is sufficiently severe to cause symptoms such as daytime sleepiness, disturbed sleep, awakening with dyspnoea, or snoring. Note: A definitive diagnosis requires objective evidence based on polysomnography.

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