鼻咽恶性肿瘤

定义

鼻咽部可发生多种肿瘤，但正是鼻咽癌吸引了一代代肿瘤学家、病理学家、科学家和流行病学家。它显示出明显的地域差异，在中国南方发病率最高。在一些流行地区，发病率在过去20年中下降了约30%，这表明环境或生活方式因素可能起主要作用，而且在某种程度上，这种疾病是可以预防的。鼻咽癌与EB病毒感染密切相关，与患者的种族无关。该联系开创了一种利用病毒血清学检测诊断癌症和筛查高危人群的新模式。鼻咽癌通常对放射治疗有反应，由于分期的完善和治疗方案的改进，多年来临床结果有了很大改善。鼻咽癌不寻常且常常具有欺骗性的组织学特征已经引起了对肿瘤性质的争议，并且仍然对外科病理学家构成挑战。鼻咽癌的各种组织学亚型的名称可能比任何其他肿瘤类型都多。

A wide variety of tumours can arise in the nasopharynx, but it is nasopharyngeal carcinoma that has fascinated generations of oncologists, pathologists, scientists and epidemiologists. It shows marked geographic differences, with highest incidence rates in Southern China. In some endemic areas, the incidence has declined by about 30% over the years 2000-2020, suggesting that environmental or lifestyle factors may play a major role and that the disease is, to some extent, preventable. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma shows a very strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, irrespective of the ethnic origin of the patients. This association has pioneered a new paradigm of utilizing viral serological tests for the diagnosis of cancer and for screening in high-risk populations. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is generally responsive to radiation therapy, and the clinical outcome has greatly improved over the years, due to refinements in staging and to improved therapy protocols. The unusual and often deceptive histological features of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have generated controversies over the nature of the tumour and still pose a challenge to surgical pathologists. There have possibly been more names invented for the various histological subtypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma than any other tumour type.

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 恶性间叶性肿瘤

子条目 共 5 条

• 2B6B.0鼻咽鳞状细胞癌
• 2B6B.1未特指类型的鼻咽部恶性上皮肿瘤
• 2B6B.2咽扁桃体恶性肿瘤4
• 2B6B.Y其他特指的鼻咽恶性肿瘤
• 2B6B.Z未特指的鼻咽恶性肿瘤