新生儿低钙血症

定义

低钙血症是新生儿常见的代谢问题。新生儿中，低钙血症是由出生体重（BW）类别定义的。在体重大于1500克的婴儿中，低钙血症定义为总血钙（Ca）浓度低于8 mg/dL（2 mmol/L）或離子化率低于4.4 mg/dL（1.1 mmol/L）。在极低出生体重早产儿（体重<1500g）中，低钙血症定义为血清钙总浓度低于7mg/dL（1.75mmol/L）或離子化率低于4mg/dL（1mmol/L）。早期低钙血症（发生在出生后的前两到三天）的病因包括早产、母亲糖尿病、出生窒息和宫内发育。 晚期低钙血症的原因（通常发生在出生后第一周末）包括甲状旁腺功能减退和高磷酸盐摄入。大多数患有低钙血症的婴儿无症状。如果有症状，神经肌肉过度兴奋是最常见症状，表现为颤动和肌肉抽搐。不太常见的症状包括癫痫发作，喉痉挛、喘息或呕吐罕见。

Hypocalcaemia is a common metabolic problem in newborns. In the neonate, hypocalcaemia is defined by birth weight (BW) categories. In infants with BW greater than 1500 g, hypocalcaemia is defined as a total serum calcium (Ca) concentration less than 8 mg/dL (2 mmol/L) or an ionized fraction of less than 4.4 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L). In very low birth weight premature infants (BW<1500 g), hypocalcaemia is defined as a total serum Ca concentration less than 7 mg/dL (1.75 mmol/L) or an ionized fraction of less than 4 mg/dL (1 mmol/L). Aetiologies of early hypocalcaemia (occurs in the first two to three days after birth) include prematurity, maternal diabetes, birth asphyxia, and intrauterine growth. Causes of late hypocalcaemia (usually occurs at the end of the first week of life) include hypoparathyroidism and high phosphate intake. Most infants with hypocalcaemia are asymptomatic. If symptomatic, neuromuscular irritability is the most common sign with jitteriness and muscle jerking. Less common findings include seizures, and rarely laryngospasm, wheezing, or vomiting.

大多数早产儿出现低钙血症，因为胎儿钙的沉积主要发生在妊娠晚期。危重或早产儿接受多种治疗干预措施，这些措施可能导致一过性低钙血症。输入碳酸氢钠引起代谢性碱中毒，或输注柠檬酸盐抗凝血导致钙复合物形成，从而降低游离钙浓度。

除外词 明确排除、需编到其他条目的情况

• 新生儿暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退症KB64

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 新生儿低钙血症
• 新生儿牛乳低钙血症
• 新生儿的牛乳性低钙血症
• 磷酸盐负荷性低钙血症