小耳畸形

定义

小耳畸形是一种严重程度不同的外耳和中耳先天性畸形。遗传因素（家族性颜面短小畸形和多因素遗传模式的证据）和血管意外都与本病病因有关。具体致病因素还可包括妊娠早期母亲风疹。小耳畸形通常涉及外耳道和中耳；因此，听力会受到影响。小耳畸形可能是鳃弓缺陷（半侧颜面短小畸形, 颜面短小畸形）中的一种，也可能表现为一种独立的畸形。小耳廓由附着在不同数量的软组织小叶上的残余软骨组成。

Microtia is a congenital malformation of variable severity of the external and middle ear. Both hereditary factors (evidence for familial craniofacial microsomia and patterns suggestive of multifactorial inheritance) and vascular accidents are involved in the etiology of the disease. Specific causative factors also can include maternal rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. Microtia commonly involves the external canal and middle ear; hence, hearing can be affected. Microtia may present within a spectrum of branchial arch defects (hemifacial microsomia, craniofacial microsomia) or may manifest as an independent malformation. The microtic auricle consists of a disorganised remnant of cartilage attached to a variable amount of soft tissue lobule.

索引词 可用于检索该条目的同义词与别名

• 小耳畸形
• 先天性小耳
• 耳发育不全
• 小耳畸形1型
• 小耳畸形2型
• 小耳畸形3型