疾病引起的嗜睡症

定义

由某种疾病引起的嗜睡症的特征是夜间睡眠过度、白天嗜睡或过度打盹，持续时间至少数月，是由合并的内科或神经系统疾病（如头部创伤、帕金森病、某些遗传疾病、代谢、神经或内分泌疾病）引起，并且严重到需要临床独立关注的程度。只有当嗜睡是疾病的直接生理后果时，才可诊断为由疾病引起的嗜睡。充分治疗的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的残余嗜睡分类于此处，假设这是由反复低氧血症导致中枢神经系统受损所致。 注意：明确的诊断需要使用多导睡眠监测和多次睡眠潜伏期试验（MSLT）来排除其他嗜睡症或其他睡眠障碍（如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停），它们可能更好地解释嗜睡。

Hypersomnia due to a medical condition is characterised by excessive nocturnal sleep, daytime sleepiness, or excessive napping of at least several months duration that is attributable to a coexisting medical or neurological disorder (e.g. head trauma, Parkinson disease, certain genetic conditions, metabolic, neurologic or endocrine disorders) and is sufficiently severe to require an independent focus of clinical attention. Hypersomnia due to a medical condition is only diagnosed if the hypersomnia is a direct physiological consequence of the medical condition. Residual sleepiness in patients with adequately-treated obstructive sleep apnoea is classified here under the assumption that it is due to central nervous system damage from recurrent hypoxemia. Note: A definitive diagnosis requires use of polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) to rule out other hypersomnolence disorders or other sleep disorders (e.g. obstructive sleep apnea) which might better explain the sleepiness.

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